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Sun Safety
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Skin cancer has become the most common form of cancer in the United States. More then one million new cases are diagnosed each year and the incidence is growing faster than most other forms of cancer. Over-exposure to the sun's UV rays appears to be a key factor in inducing the majority of skin cancers. There are precautionary measures that should be followed in order to reduce your risk.
The following are factors that increase your risk of acquiring skin cancer:
- Fair skin, light colored eyes and hair, freckling easily
- Family history of skin cancer
- High altitudes — UV rays are 50% more intense at an altitude of 10,000 feet than at sea level
- Close proximity to the equator
- Thinning of the ozone layer
- Living in a climate with many dry, sunny days — The Southwestern United States has the highest incidence of skin cancer
Cover-up
Many lightweight summer fabrics have a sun protection factor of only 6-9, which is lowered when wet. Thus, it is important to choose fabrics that have a tight weave, are heavier in weight, and darker in color or to select special fabrics that are designed for UV protection. Long sleeves, long pants, high collars and protective swimwear are an important part of covering skin. Wearing a wide brimmed hat or a legionnaires-style cap to protect the ears, neck and lower face is recommended. UV blocking sunglasses or goggles on the ski slopes are an important factor in protecting your eyes from UV damage. Long term exposure to UV rays is known to cause cataracts.
Daily Sunscreen Use
In addition to sun protective clothing, sunscreen should be applied daily to exposed areas of the skin. A broad-spectrum product that blocks both UVA and UVB is important. An SPF rating of at least 15 is recommended. The higher the SPF, the greater the protection. Apply 30 minutes before going outside to allow the chemicals time to be absorbed. Use liberal amounts for good coverage and apply under make-up or insect repellent. Remember, that even on cloudy days UV radiation is harmful. Use a water-resistant brand and reapply every 2 hours after swimming or sweating.
Follow the Daily UV Index
The Environmental Protection Agency and The National Weather Service have developed this index as a daily guide to potential UV exposure. You can find it listed in your local newspaper or on the Internet by clicking here. This UV index predicts the level of UV exposure in individual cities on a daily basis utilizing a scale of 0 to 10. The minimum level being 0 and the highest level being 10. This encourages you to take more precautions on a day when the levels are high in your area.
Protect Your Children
Accumulated exposure to the sun's rays and severe sunburns are two main causes of skin cancer. Up to 80% of our lifetime exposure is acquired during the first 18 years of life. One hour in the sun for an adult equals 4 minutes for an infant. Even one severe sunburn prior to 18 years of age may double the risk of acquiring melanoma later in life. It may take 20 to 30 years for the effects to show themselves.
Seek Shade
The sun's rays are most intense between the hours of 10 to 3. Limit your exposure during this time and seek shade if outdoors. Umbrellas, cabanas, etc. will provide protection. UV does reflect off certain surfaces including snow, sand, concrete and water, so utilize sunscreen and protective clothing, as well.
Please visit the links that we provide for more detailed information on precautionary measures, for current research data and for information on ozone depletion.
Please consult your physician for specific medical advice.
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